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训练患者 - 家庭layperson-cpr-hero2.jpg 训练患者 - 家庭layperson-cpr-hero2.jpg

培训外行CPR的患者家庭

为患者准备出院

Hospital discharge can be one of the highest risk steps in a patient's care. As Alicia Arbaje, an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine puts it,"The most risky transition is from hospital to home."1

对于两类患者而言,这尤其如此,这两种患者起初似乎没有任何共同点 - 心脏骤停的受害者和受害者。共同的线程 - 常见的威胁是,出院时,他们被移交给了其他人,他们可能不具备处理心脏紧急情况的人,如果应该出现。

每年在美国...

16,000

pediatric patients suffer from cardiac arrest, many of whom are younger than 1 year old.2

90%

这些案件将发生在房屋中。3

12%

will likely survive.4

62%

生存的婴儿将具有适当的神经功能。5

For adults, the statistics are...

347,322

院外心脏骤停(OHCA)。6

15%

survive to hospital discharge.7

48,000

院内心脏骤停后生存。8

Regardless of where the cardiac arrest occurs, discharge is where that patient is typically being handed over from skilled professional to a novice layperson.A recent survey by Cleveland Clinic showed that slightly more than half of Americans (54%) say they know how to perform CPR; however, only one in six know that the recommended technique for bystander CPR consists of just chest compressions (and no breaths) on an adult.9更少的11%知道执行这些压缩的正确速度(每分钟100到120次)。10

当患者出院时,肯定会努力降低风险。合理地,重点通常是避免用药错误。在出院的前两周内,药物错误可能会影响所有患者的一半。11但是,除了药物错误之外的风险培训呢?堪萨斯城中美洲心脏病学院的心脏病专家保罗·陈(Paul Chan)表示:“对于医院中心脏骤停的人来说,在一年的幸存者中的几率或八分之一的几率。”, Mo., tells National Public Radio’s Shots.12

如果我们认为对患者的家人和朋友的心肺复苏术培训就像我们对药物警惕的需求相同的方式怎么办?现在,我们将CPR培训视为预防医学。这就是一些医院开始做的事情。

新生儿和高风险婴儿的父母应该知道CPR

儿童心脏骤停是大多数病例中的窒息的结果。与成年人相比,儿童增加了脑血流和更高的代谢需求,因此缺乏氧气很容易产生心脏骤停。13第一年,先天性心脏病(CHD)过早的婴儿和患有呼吸道或心脏骤停的疾病尤其是高风险。14

对于从医院回家的父母来说,可能导致突然无法解释的死亡的想法是最常见的恐惧之一。Fortunately, there are available methods to prepare parents to face an emergency.

一些组织,例如Lucile Packard儿童医院,联合医院和Bluewater Health(仅举几例),已经实施了为高危婴儿心肺复苏(CPR)培训提供的计划。这婴儿CPR随时kits that they are distributing are designed to train nonprofessionals in the lifesaving skills of CPR. This is done with a bilingual, interactive DVD and a manikin that clicks when compressions are performed accurately.

一项有关使用婴儿心肺复苏术的一项研究,发现接受套件训练的父母实际上迎来了挑战,并对孩子进行了心肺复苏术。15Five subjects reported performing CPR after discharge, and four of the five victims survived and remained neurologically intact.16

父母之所以喜欢它,是因为他们可以按照自己的节奏进行审查和练习,护士喜欢它,因为当病人离开医院时,这是一种更有效的教学方法...父母可以向保姆,祖父母和任何人展示这些套件否则照顾他们的孩子;对CPR的了解越多,对社区中的每个人来说越好。

Lynda Knight,RN,Lucile Packard儿童医院生命支持和复苏教育家

“练习方式”技术使任何外行人都可以在20分钟内轻松学习基本婴儿心肺复苏术,窒息救济和寻求帮助。由于易用性,一些医院正在从将这些套件提供给具有高风险婴儿的家庭到给所有有新生孩子的家庭。17

在预防医学方面,这种类型的培训可以等同于在心脏骤停的情况下增加婴儿生活的宝贵时间,而父母则等待EMS到达。

Families of Cardiac Arrest Victims Should Know CPR, Too!

Patients who have coronary disease complications or experience cardiac issues have an increased risk of SCA.18这prompt delivery of CPR can double or triple a victim’s chance of survival, especially if it is performed within the first few minutes of cardiac arrest.19由于亲人和照料者最有可能在紧急情况下出现,因此他们应该准备干预并提供基本的CPR。

In the hospital setting, when a patient is being discharged, there is a unique opportunity to provide CPR instruction to an untrained population of people. This is especially important for the population of people who are most likely to witness an event.

Often, this window of opportunity at the hospital is not wide enough to coordinate a certified instructor to provide a comprehensive training in CPR.20但是,已经足够长时间解释学习CPR的重要性并提供自我指导的培训材料。

这需要记住,实际上是旁观者的家人和朋友的家人和朋友,我们知道旁观者立即授予心脏骤停的受害者可以使受害者的生存机会加倍或三倍21

通过防止心室纤颤(VF)的降解(VF) - 令人震惊的心脏骤停节奏 - 可转化为不可震动的心脏骤停节奏,CPR增加了可以通过除颤成功复苏的患者数量。旁观者心肺复苏术还与在心脏骤停生存的患者中的健康状况改善有关。与未接受旁观者CPR的个人相比,对接受旁观者心肺复苏术的人的心脏骤停后的生活质量也提高了。22

那么,为什么不使家人和朋友在亲人出院期间学习心肺复苏术呢?

Like the addition of Infant CPR Anytime kits in newborn discharge protocols,Adult CPR Anytimekits can be beneficial in the discharge of high-risk cardiac patients. One study supporting the use of hospital-based CPR training showed that对家庭的有针对性培训是可行的,受训者良好的训练,可以增加家庭中SCA生存的机会。23

For those who have recently suffered a serious cardiac event, they can leave the hospital with the trust that those around them are trained in basic lifesaving skills. Knowing CPR in this context is as important to the course of care for the patient as understanding his or her medication regimen. The two, many would argue, are inextricably linked.

Extend the Reach of Bystander CPR

美国心脏协会(AHA)估计每次婴儿心肺复苏术®套件分发,另外1.5人接受了培训。而且,每次成人CPR®套件分发,培训2.5人。通过在出院时为弱势患者提供套件,可以在CPR中培训家人,朋友,看护人和同事的机会。每次接受CPR培训的人随时随地都更有可能作为SCA的旁观者进行干预。

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参考

*斯坦福儿童健康。(2012)。Bringing home baby – and a CPR toolkit。从...获得https://healthier.stanfordchildrens.org/en/bringing-home-baby-and-a-cpr-toolkit/

  1. Rau, J. (2016). Hospital discharge: It’s one of the most dangerous periods for patients.Kaiser Health News。从...获得https://khn.org/news/home-health-agecies-often-miss-medication-errors-endangering-patients/
  2. 特雷斯(E.E.儿童心脏骤停。紧急情况,创伤和震惊杂志,3(3),267-272。doi:10.4103/0974-2700.66528
  3. CPR博客。(2018)。心肺复苏式统计。从...获得https://cprblog.heart.org/cpr-statistics/
  4. 特雷斯(E.E.请参阅参考#2。
  5. 同上
  6. 本杰明(E.J.(2018)。心脏病和中风统计 - 2018年更新:美国心脏协会的报告。Circulation, 137,E67-E494。doi:https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000558
  7. Lurie,K.,Levy,M.,Swor,R。,&Moore,J。(2017)。心脏成本:院外心脏骤停护理的经济影响。这Insider。从...获得http://takeheartamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/econonic-impact.pdf
  8. 同上
  9. Cleveland Clinic. (2018).New Cleveland Clinic survey: Only half of Americans say they know CPR。从...获得https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/2018/02/01/new-cleveland-clanic-clavey-survey-anly-half-half-of-achamerans-say-say-say-say-say-they-show-cpr/
  10. 同上
  11. Godman, H. (2012). Medication errors a big problem after hospital discharge.Harvard Health Publishing。从...获得https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/medication-errors-abig-problem------------------------- after-after-hospital-discharge-201207095012
  12. Knox, R. (2013). Cardiac arrest survivors have better outlook than doctors think.NPR。从...获得https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/03/14/174291275/cardiac-arrest-survivors-have-better-outlook-than-doctors-think
  13. 特雷斯(E.E.请参阅参考#2。
  14. Pierick,T.A.,N. Van Waning,S.S。Patel,&Atkins,D.L。(2012)。对高风险婴儿的父母的自我结构心肺复苏培训。复苏,83(9),1140-1144。doi:10.1016/j.Resuscitation.2012.02.007
  15. L.J. Knight,S.Wintch,A.Nichols,A.,Arnolde,V。和Schroeder,A.R。(2013)。挽救出院后的生命:对高危儿童的父母的心肺复苏术培训。医疗质量杂志。doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-1474.2012.00221.x
  16. 同上
  17. Trigg,L。(2017)。联合医院分发了“随时随地的婴儿心肺复苏术”套件。论坛明星。从...获得https://www.tribstar.com/news/local_news/union-hospital-distributes-infant-cpr-anytime-kits/article_295b49c3-5a5a5d-5a5d-5a5d-536e bc83-bc83-bc83-b97522f08d3f53f5.html
  18. Blewer,A.L.,Leary,M.,Decker,C.S。,Andersen,J.C.,Fredericks,A.C.,Bobrow,B.J。等。(2011)。使用视频自我指导:可行性试验,在出院前对家庭成员进行心肺复苏培训。医院医学杂志,6(7), 428-432. DOI:10.1002/jhm.847
  19. HANDS-ONLY CPR事实说明书。2016年,美国心脏协会。DS10261 5/16
  20. Blewer,A.L.,Leary,M.,Decker,C.S。,Andersen,J.C.,Fredericks,A.C.,Bobrow,B.J。等。(2011)。请参阅参考#18。
  21. CPR博客。(2018)。See reference #3.
  22. Graham, R., McCoy, M.A., & Schultz, A.M. (2015). Strategies to improve cardiac arrest survival: A time to act.国家科学院出版社(美国)。从...获得https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/nbk321502/
  23. Blewer,A.L.,Leary,M.,Decker,C.S。,Andersen,J.C.,Fredericks,A.C.,Bobrow,B.J。等。(2011)。请参阅参考#18。
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