4个问题以确定您的CPR培训是否有效
Applying the Kirkpatrick Model to Your CPR Training Program
在任何形式的教育中，实现学生的参与是一个根本的挑战，尤其是当学生是初学者或有人在刷新技能时。如果您是心肺复苏（CPR）的讲师，那么您可能会努力保持人们的参与，尤其是在教书者教书时。
外行人学习CPR首次学习经常对授予临床技能的规定培训议程感到惊讶。他们没有为所涉及的教学培训做好准备；取而代之的是，他们希望正确地练习Manikin。许多讲师面临的挑战是，当学生遇到这种规定的方法时，他们可能会变得不合时宜。他们可以开始专注于通过测试。但是他们会让以后表演有信心吗？而且，他们以后会如何表现？
Kirkpatrick模型是测量训练效果的最受欢迎和测试的模型之一。柯克帕特里克（Kirkpatrick）的模型被教育工作者信任了数十年，可以通过解决四个简单但有针对性的问题来帮助您针对参与机会。
Below, we outline how to apply this model to your training and achieve engagement during every class.
1. How Do Your Learners Respond to Your CPR Training?
根据Kirkpatrick模型，重要的是要衡量每个学生对材料的反应，以便您可以更好地确定他们在学习过程中保持活跃所需的内容。1您规定的课程中的机会在哪里使培训更有趣，有用和具有挑战性？
To better engage learners in your course, you might consider including incentivized games. Gamification, or the process of applying game-related principles to learning, has become a popular way of motivating learners to participate.2
Some proven benefits include:
- 学生对学习的主人翁感增加了
- More fun in the classroom
- 对学生学习进度的更明显跟踪。3
Evidence has shown that even physicians are turning toward online video "games" as a learning tool, requiring less time to learn necessary information and competing against other physicians.4The use of gamification entering the healthcare field indicates that it has applications to learning life-saving techniques. And,CPR培训也不例外。
Friendly competition can make a big impact in the classroom; today's CPR feedback technology can help to facilitate this type of competition naturally.
QCPR Classroom App
QCPR课堂应用程序现在可以提供我们的小安妮QCPR，并提供反馈和游戏元素。这使讲师能够提高课堂效率，提高学习者的参与度并提高其心肺复苏术培训的整体质量 - 同时最多42个Manikins。
2.您如何衡量学习者所拥有的和没有学到的东西？
在谈到学习者的参与度之后，Kirkpatrick模型建议您将重点放在学生学习的程度上。您的学生是否知道何时以及如何执行有效的CPR？为了提供全面的答案，您可能需要更精确地衡量每个学生CPR的质量。
凭借测量胸部压缩分数，速率，深度和后坐力以及通风的能力，当今的Manikin技术可以准确地向学生展示他们的表现与您一直在教他们的内容的关系。
美国心脏协会（AHA）2020指南列出了这些关键指标，这些指标与改善人类生存相关：5
- Chest compression fraction (CCF): at least 60%
- Chest compression rate: 100–120 compressions per minute
- 胸部压缩深度：平均成年人2-2.4英寸
- Chest recoil: avoid leaning on the chest between compressions to allow complete chest recoil
- 通风：足以产生可见的胸部上升
In addition, it's worth gauging how likely your students are to train others or continue practicing their CPR skills.70% of Americans feel helpless to act during a cardiac emergency because they either do not know how to administer CPR or their training has significantly lapsed.6Understanding what sudden cardiac arrest is, knowing what to do in an emergency, and receiving accurate feedback and corrections during hands-on practice may encourage more bystanders to take action if and when the time comes.
3.您的学习者如何应用CPR培训？
Kirkpatrick模型的第三级专门提倡评估行为改变（训练之后）。您的学习者会对突然心脏骤停的受害者进行心肺复苏术？
研究表明，面对心脏紧急情况时，越来越多的旁观者会无所事事。只有46％的心脏骤停受害者从旁观者那里接受心肺复苏术。7
A study conducted by the American Heart Association delved deeper to uncover exactly why most people choose not to intervene.8受访者提供的原因包括：
“摆脱那些恐惧和否认的心理障碍意味着更多的生命可能会得救……一些心理官员总比没有CPR好”9
Christiana Care Health System的紧急医生Rob Rosenbaum博士，特拉华州新城堡县EMS主任
For instructors, this means putting an increased focus on improving learner confidence. Rather than simply understanding the mechanics of good CPR, students gain confidence through repetitive practice, accurate performance feedback, and the reinforcement of proper technique.
4.您是在创造想要的影响吗？
在衡量培训的总体结果时，挽救的生命数量最大。每一分钟半，美国的某人在医院外进入心脏骤停。10五分之四的受害者在家。11因为这，通常，这不是受害者开始心肺复苏术的护理人员或医生，而是外行人，受害者的朋友，受害者的亲人。
As a CPR instructor, you have the ability to prepare them to save a life. With the most engaging training methods, positive learner attitudes, and the right tools, students can leave your class feeling as inspired as they did when they entered.
Is Low Classroom Engagement Your Hurdle?
您是否觉得学习者离开心肺复苏术培训计划的启发程度不如他们进入该计划？使用这些技巧来抓住并保持学习者的注意。
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参考
- 美国Red Cross. (2017). CPR training. Retrieved from http://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/cpr/cpr-training
- Learning Theories. (2016). Gamification in education. Retrieved from https://www.learning-theories.com/gamification-in-education. html
- Ibid
- Patten, B. (2015). How health care can benefit from gamification. Training Industry, Inc. https://www.trainingindustry.com/e-learning/ articles/how-health-care-can-benefit-from-gamification.aspx
- 美国心脏协会。（2020）。2020年美国心脏复苏和紧急心血管护理的美国心脏协会指南，第3部分：成人基本和先进的生命支持。循环，142：S366 – S468。doi：https：//doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000916
- 美国心脏协会。(2014). CPR Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/CPRAndECC/Whatis%20 CPR/CPRFactsandStats/CPR-Statistics_UCM_307542_Article.jsp#.WZLwxlWGOUl
- 美国心脏协会。（2017）。2017年手动CPR概况。取自http://cpr.heart.org/idc/groups/ahaeccpublic/@wcm/@ecc/documents/downloadable/ucm_493890.pdf
- American Heart Association News. (2017). Most americans afraid to perform cpr. Retrieved from http://news.heart.org/manyamericans-afraid-to-perform-cpr/
- Haelle, T. (2015). Bystander cpr doubles cardiac arrest survival rates. Everyday Health. Retrieved from http://www.everydayhealth. com/news/bystander-cpr-doubles-cardiac-arrest-survival-rates/
- Ibid
- 美国心脏协会。（2017）。See reference #7.