心肺复苏反馈有多远？

迎接复苏科学的进步

As of January 31, 2019, theAmerican Heart Association (AHA)requires the use of an instrumented directive feedback device in all courses that teach adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills. The美国红十字会实施了相同的倡议在2018年1月的培训课程中。

自从世界上第一个CPR Manikin发展以来，心肺复苏反馈已经走了很长一段路。在1960年之前，按照今天的标准，许多方法被认为是不寻常的方法来治疗心脏骤停的受害者。从直觉上讲，人们知道可以做些事情来复兴受害者，然后科学证明了他们是正确的。以下是通过世界上最知名和最“亲吻”的女人的镜头 - Resusci Anne的镜头。

照片：Resusci Anne在1973年的《今日秀》中出现。

1960s

In 1960, Dr. James Jude, Dr. William Kouwenhoven and G. Guy Knickerbocker publish a paper in theJournal of the American Medical Association在“闭胸心脏按摩”上，演变为心肺复苏（CPR）。¹A few years later, in 1963, the American Heart Association (AHA) formally endorsed CPR.²

由Asmund s Laerdal博士在一起。Safar and Dr. Bjorn Lind, Resusci Anne became the world’s first CPR training manikin. Resusci Anne provided real-time feedback for quality CPR training. Dials indicated correct ventilation and compressions.

照片：Article published in 1968 about Resusci Anne.

1970s

1972年，世界上第一个大规模CPR培训计划始于西雅图，在头两年中，有100,000多人认证。³Seattle’s continued emphasis on bystander involvement and training has made it one of the safest places to have a cardiac arrest.⁴

这Recording Resusci Anne helped to train laypeople with printed performance feedback. The paper strip provided a visual representation of ventilation and compression quality.

照片：罗莎琳·卡特（Rosalynn Carter）在白宫的录音Resusci Anne上表演压缩。

1980s

A program to provide telephone instructions for CPR began in King County, Washington. Emergency dispatchers gave directions to callers while the fire department and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) were en route to the scene. Dispatcher-assisted CPR is now common throughout the United States, and dispatchers must hold a valid CPR certification.⁵

拉尔达尔（Laerdal）认识到，质量CPR的结果与任何CPR的结果截然不同。Skillmeter Resusci Anne旨在满足对实时CPR测量和反馈的日益增长的需求。她使用先进的电子设备显示CPR技术和步骤序列。

照片：Many dispatchers began training to perform quality CPR using技能表Resusci Anne。

1990s

公共访问除颤计划开始将自动化的外部除颤器（AED）放置在公共场所，并向公众提供培训。⁶快速去颤is essential to increasing survival from SCA, and today AEDs can be found in nearly all public facilities.

Resusci Anne SkillGuide with basic CPR feedback was released. Laerdal developed a CPR-D version, which allowed for extensive, simulated automatic external defibrillation (AED) training. The SkillGuide device and SkillReporter printer were offered as complimentary feedback options.

照片：Margaret Rhea Seddon, NASA Astronaut, performed zero-gravity CPR training in anticipation of a mission in 1993.

2000s

美国心脏协会和欧洲复苏委员会（ERC）指南强调了的重要性质量CPR. Accuracy and precision began to carry more weight in CPR training classes.

开发了Laerdal PC Skill Reporporting系统，以提供其他反馈选项，以补充SkillGuide设备和Skill Reporter打印机。到2000年代末，Resusci Anne是一个高模型的Manikin，提供了许多配置，配件和反馈选项。

照片：SkillReporter Printer is used to review feedback at the same time as compressions are performed.

2010’s

这2010 AHA指南reinforced the importance of high-quality CPR, but also brought significant change. The recommended compression rate and depth were modified, which required individuals and teams to sharpen their CPR skills. At the same time, Seattle’s Resuscitation Academy was gaining prominence and training leaders from around the world on best practices to increase survival from cardiac arrest.

2013年，Resusci Anne QCPR被发布，以提高反馈功能和Manikin模块化。Resusci Anne QCPR与Simpad平台合作，这增加了CPR汇报和数据分析的复杂性。而且，在2015年增加了ShockLinkenabled Resusci Anne QCPR users to safely integrate their own clinical defibrillators into high-performance CPR training.

照片：Emergency medical services (EMS) participate in a scenario during which they must defibrillate Resusci Anne.

Today

既然美国红十字会和AHA已发布了要求在所有成人CPR课程中使用直接反馈设备的任务，那么每个人都可以获得优质的CPR培训，而所有人都可以接受。

In 2018,Resusci Anne QCPRwas redesigned to improve the simplicity of use. The latest enhancements include Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for an easier and faster connection, a rechargeable battery up to 34 hours of mobile operating time, and more feedback device options than ever before. The new Resusci Anne QCPR is compatible with the QCPR Instructor and QCPR Learner apps as well as CPR for Teams, a new training option within SimPad PLUS with SkillReporter.

照片：EMS专业人士在现实环境中培训其临床除颤器。

A Look Forward

复苏训练继续朝着更强大的反馈和分析方向发展，从而有效地消除了所有“猜测”训练方程式。现在，我们看到将此反馈集成到可下载的软件和应用中。AHA也有宣布成人CPR培训要求将来会扩展到婴儿和儿科培训。

As feedback technology evolves, so too does CPR training. It is estimated that Laerdal’s resuscitation manikins have been used to train more than 500 million people worldwide. An estimated 2.5 million lives have been saved. We can only hope that these trends will continue, so that every learner will gain the self-efficacy to perform life-saving CPR.

照片：Review of a high-performance CPR team training session on SimPad PLUS with SkillReporter。

探索Manikins的Resusci系列

Resusci Anne QCPR hjælper med at hæve HLR-træningen til et nyt niveau af præcision og dygtighed. Ved at træne med... Resusci Anne QCPR hjælper med at hæve HLR-træningen til et nyt niveau af præcision og dygtighed. Ved at træne med de samme protokoller, udstyr og teknikker, der bruges i virkelige nødsituationer, kan det professionelle akutberedskab...

Resusci Anne QCPR

Forbedrede个人færdighederforbedrer TeametspræstationOgøgerMotivationen。叉挖sånøjagtigt... Forbedrede个人færdighederforbedrer TeametspræstationOgøgerMotivationen。Forbered dig så nøjagtigt som muligt på at redde et barns liv.

Resusci Junior QCPR

Med Realistisk eftergivenhed i Brystet，SensorovervågetBerøringOg den nye skillereporter-app AppÅbnerÅbnerresusci baby ... Med Realistisk eftergivenhed I Brystet，SensorovervågetBerøringOg den nye skillertorter-appÅbnerÅbnerresusci resusci baby qcpr for Et nyt nyt niveau afpræcisionStræningi Behand behand behanding byand af af af af affairer hjertestop。

Resusci Baby QCPR

我们没有人留下

Resusci Anne QCPR升级

References

美国心脏协会（2015）。History of cpr timeline. Retrieved from https://news.heart.org/history-of-cpr timeline-text-only/
同上
同上
心脏骤停基金会（2014年）。华盛顿州金县的心脏骤停生存率最高。Retrieved from http://www.sca-aware.org/sca-news/king-county-wa-has-worlds-highest-survival-rate-for-cardiac-arrest
美国心脏协会（2018）。CPR的历史。取自https://cpr.heart.org/ahaecc/cprandecc/aboutcprecc/historyofcpr/ucm_475751_history-of-cpr.jsp
美国心脏协会（2015）。请参阅参考＃1。