为您的模拟培训选择正确的保真度

The "see one, do one" approach to learning can be especially challenging for trainees in labor and delivery. Caring for two patients, the mother and the baby, creates double the possibility for complications and requires double the amount of patient monitoring. The learning curve in labor and delivery can be a never-ending one, andsimulation is being used to prepare clinicians for low frequency, high risk events.

模拟实践可以帮助解决孕产妇护理的风险和其他问题。各种各样的仿真保真度选项（用于近似现实的选项）为教育工作者提供了一系列工具，可以在各个级别（从简单的任务培训师到复杂的全身疯狂的人）上提供体验式学习。

In this article, we examine a range of simulation methods. Building on expert observations, we share how each can support the needs of your learners and help reduce risk in maternal and newborn care.

使用任务培训师，学生可以独立并按照自己的步调独立地执行心理运动技能。通常，任务培训师的重点将是一项特定任务，例如骨盆检查或脐带插入术。

约翰的霍普金斯医学将适当的患者护理作为任务培训师的主要好处。⁴“据了解，培训中的临床医生会治疗患者；但是，从道德的角度来看，只有在最大化没有使患者处于危险中的方法的方法中，对患者作为培训或缺乏经验的副产品的伤害才是合理的。”⁵Task trainers help by providing you with the ability to confirm that learners have, in fact, mastered a skill before allowing them to perform on real patients.

There was also a trend showing reduction in peak force used and a shorter delivery duration following the training.

At a lower price-point, task trainers in isolation may exponentially increase learner comprehension. If your learners require clinical attention to detail and hands-on, repetitive practice, a task trainer might be your saving grace.

现实地描绘了一种情况，SPS与学习者互动以创造低风险的学习体验。SP可以口头表达症状，传达他们在身体上经历的事情，甚至扮演家庭成员的角色，这对于收集患者病史和诊断症状很有用。

SPs allow learners to practice communication skills, establishing what questions need to be asked or how to relay bad news. Allowing the opportunity to recall didactic lessons and put acquired knowledge into action may lead to higher levels of engagement and self-awareness for learners. If you are interested in facilitating an engaging learning process, using a standardized patient may be a great place to start.

混合模拟的是当两个或两个以上的模拟odalities are used in the same simulation session. This form of simulation offers a bridge between simulation methods in that learners can work with real patient and perform clinical skills. Typically, a task trainer or partial simulator is realistically affixed to a SP, allowing for teaching and assessment of technical and communication skills in an integrated fashion.⁷

The use of a SP and birthing simulator may be able to effectively teach the complexities associated with birth, while ensuring that learners communicate and monitor the patient as well. The interaction with a "real" patient combined with hands-on clinical practice can reinforce competent decision making and develop critical thinking skills. Learners can then apply these skills to actual patient encounters, confidently ascertaining the best course of treatment.

为了帮助学习者发展他们的决策能力，您可能需要考虑扩大模拟，以纳入标准化的患者和任务培训师。

模拟器特别适合涉及创伤或紧急情况的模拟。妇产科是Manikins在分娩和分娩过程中模拟紧急情况的关键领域。由于紧急情况和患者年龄的性质，教育工作者依靠Manikins提供了SPS不能的现实生理学。⁸

使用模拟器的模拟可以为学习者提供在团队中练习模拟的能力，对实时的生理变化做出反应以及对现实世界的场景进行反应。

The capability for weighing and enacting a clinical pathway is one thing that other methods of simulation cannot deliver. Use of a simulator allows for administration of medication and physiological monitoring, so that learners can grasp the reality of their actions. Additionally, scenarios allow for evidence-based decision making, using clinical procedure in tandem with real human factors and behaviors.

With the right technology and environment, learners can work to develop and hone a skill until they’ve mastered it — without concern for real patient harm. If you feel your learners are ready to take part in full-fledged, high-fidelity simulation, your next steps may lead to a simulator.