虚拟仿真
VSIM®用于护理
对使用VSIM进行护理的护理学生发展临床推理技能,能力和信心。
在患者中识别精神疾病可能是护士面临的最大挑战之一。识别潜在的精神疾病的能力可以大大改变评估和诊断过程,从而改变治疗计划。最终结果可以转化为更好的患者预后。
四分之一的人(全球约有4.5亿人)患有精神障碍。1Yet, up to 50% of serious cases go untreated in high-income countries.2误诊在心理健康领域很常见,通常是因为症状通常可以以不同的方式和不同的时间实现。当护士了解某些精神疾病的表现以及获得准确的患者历史所需的批判性思维技能时,他们可以对他们评估和诊断精神病患者的能力感到更加自信。
认识是提供适当治疗的第一步。在本文中,我们讨论了如何通过实际交付模式进行培训,例如虚拟模拟,可以更好地准备护理学生识别精神疾病,并可以通过护理人员对精神疾病患者的态度更加有利。结果可以是更好以患者为中心的护理。
在美国,大约有5600万美国成年人患有精神疾病。3Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death, and four of the ten leading causes of disability are mental disorders (major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder).4,5Some experts have even begun to label the growing concern over mental illness as a “mental health crisis”.

护士是提供心理保健的最大专业人士,无论是在初级或专业卫生服务中。由于护士与患者的直接关系,至关重要的是,他们对发现精神疾病和相应治疗患者的能力充满信心。护理教育者倡导在预许可和研究生级别进行早期和身临其境的心理健康教育。7
“在美国的心理健康状况下,我们迫切需要一群卫生专业人员,尤其是能够识别,评估和治疗具有心理健康需求的患者的护士”
尽管护士教育者对心理健康教育的重要性达成了共识,但通常还有一个问题如何to impart the right skills to learners. Some facilities have introduced standardized patients, or actors who play the part of a patient suffering from a mental illness. Though this can be extremely useful in teaching how to take the patient’s history, educators commonly state that the inability of standardized patients to display physiological changes is a shortcoming. Other facilities have implemented the use of high-fidelity simulators in their nursing programs, which can demonstrate physiological changes throughout the care pathway and serve as a means to augment learner’s existing knowledge.
虚拟仿真是通过电子学习吸引学生的一种方法,它的流行性增加了,因为它可以帮助以互动和现实的方式引入心理健康教育。In fact, 65% of nursing programs are currently using virtual simulation.8Through the use of virtual simulation, learners can fine-tune their assessment skills and improve their ability to recognize mental illness, both through the observable physiological changes and the patient interview.
受精神疾病影响的人通常避免由于围绕精神障碍的公众污名而寻求帮助。从文化上讲,我们仍然没有超越社会避免患有精神疾病的人的进步。9The general public has made strides toward helping patients of mental illness, but there are still underlying stigmas that can negatively affect relationships. And, nurse-patient relationships are no exception.
研究表明stigmatizing attitudes are also found among healthcare staff and they are reflective of negative public opinion.10这引起了人们对心理健康患者接受的护理质量的关注。假设和偏见的观点可能会对患者的护理产生负面影响。
“The stigma is a huge problem to overcome. Imagine if you believed all patients were dangerous and could hurt you. You’d need to be constantly on the defensive. It would create problems in caring for them.”
导致这些负面看法的因素是:11
相反,增加的心理健康教育和更多的精神疾病经验会影响医疗保健提供者的积极方向。护士教育者的任务是提供一种心理健康教育,以促进患有精神疾病的患者的包容性,同理心和尊重。
“护理计划可以做准备护士以护理精神疾病患者的最重要的事情是告诉他们,心理健康问题在人群中普遍存在,患有精神疾病的人应得到与任何人相同的照顾,同情和尊重其他患者”,南加州大学哥斯达黎加梅萨大学的RN玛丽·威克曼(Mary Wickman)说。12In addition, educators should be debunking myths – especially in regard to violence among the mentally ill. Only 3-5% of violent acts can be attributed to individuals living with a serious mental illness.13
Preparation for nursing students is awareness.通过将学习者暴露于与精神疾病相关的常见行为和症状,他们对精神病患者“看起来”或“行为”的看法将逐渐从污名转变为现实。
在这方面,模拟学习者的益处是因为它提供了一个机会,可以引入传统临床放置中可能看不到的较少常见事件。14具体来说,虚拟仿真被证明是培训护士的一致和有效方法。研究表明通过基于技术的培训,可以实现多达60%的学习一致性。15每种情况都要求学习者收集患者病史并练习以患者为中心的护理。学习经验促进了批判性思维和决策能力的发展,同时还为学习者带来了精神疾病的“现实生活”经验。
“当他们必须'思考脚步'以实施他们在讲座中学到的技能时,他们就准备好应对复杂的临床方案。”
Simulation in mental health nursing can help to develop empathetic care practices and increase a student’s understanding of mental illness.16这两种发展都可以导致更高的认可,误诊的机会减少以及更好的护理质量。
通过虚拟模拟,使学习者可以按照自己的步调移动,因此好处是多种多样的。一项研究发现,当护理人员自主参与互动视频学习时,与仅接受讲座的人相比,他们对培训的遵守和满意度更高。17另一项研究发现,虚拟病人冥界p to teach clinical decision-making skills to nursing students.18During a virtual simulation, there is no risk associated with incorrect diagnosis and treatment, which gives students thefreedom to make mistakes before they treat their first real patient.
虚拟仿真还可以帮助您找到和填补教科书阅读和讲座中留下的知识空白。在心理健康护理实践中,提高了学生在治疗沟通,批判性思维,解决问题,决策和风险评估方面的技能,模拟提供了学生所需的接触。19
配备有能力和善解人意治疗患者的技能,您的护士将对他们的精神疾病能力感到有能力和自信。
“Whether one intends to work in neonatal intensive care, or build community capacity in Guatemala, psychiatric-mental health assessment and intervention is essential to nursing practice regardless of where we work.”
* Farmer,R。(2016)。请参阅参考#7。
** nurse.com。(2014)。请参阅参考#11。
*** Farmer, R. (2016). See Reference #7
****Farmer, R. (2016). See Reference #7.