How Hospitals Can Train Staff for Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

在大规模伤亡事件（当拍摄每个医院床和平方英尺时）不是时间遇到潜伏系统的威胁。作为较大风险减少计划的一部分，原位模拟（在真实的临床环境中发生）已被证明在最大限度地减少这种风险时有效。^3.

通过在现实世界护理环境中练习，团队成员更能够找到流程问题，房间安排和存储缺陷，以及其他因素减缓球队的响应时间。并且，在进入房间的真实患者之前可以解决这些问题。

紧急情况下的混乱可以通过命令和协调来禁止。指定领导者，定义的角色和职责，以及适当的沟通帮助团队保持专注，并对同一目标进行有意义的行动。

多学科仿真培训可以有效地转移到床边，即使在新的团队成员添加和患者开始偏向的医疗保健提供者时也可以转移到床边。^5.

It’s also worth considering the psychological impact that a disaster can have on the care team, patients, and their families. Stress, emotion, and shock can all affect the overall care given to a patient.As a precaution, hospitals can work toward reducing errors in patient care by reinforcing the usefulness of the两挑战统治and CUS (concerned, uncomfortable, safety) warnings.

In high-stress situations, it is critical that healthcare providers feel empowered to assert their concerns with one another.

单个病人突发事件有时会感觉small-scale disasters. Increased adrenaline levels, less familiar procedures and protocols, and a higher probability of making errors all contribute to this feeling. Fortunately, simulating massive incidents can provide a framework for safely treating patients every day.

已经证明灾难中使用的水平态势意识，有效的沟通和快速决策技巧，以减少常见的医疗错误。^6.具体而言，研究表明，医生，护士和药剂师的模拟实践导致：^7.

• Lower rates of drug administration and preparation errors
• Better compliance with checklists
• Improved detection of medication errors

通过加强响应大规模灾害所需的能力，医疗保健提供者也可能对低频，高敏锐的病例进行更好的准备。