西曼® 3G: Then & Now

除其他事项外，Covid-19的大流行重点是减少美国受冠状病毒感染者，非白人，社会经济不利和非英语人口感染的人的健康差异。¹Inequitable care has been a long-standing concern in healthcare and Covid-19 brought a heightened awareness to the issue.

In order to improve care quality and help learners develop the necessary skills to treat diverse patient populations, Laerdal has releasedSimman 3GPLUS。This modular and sustainable solution offers interchangeable face skins and a range of skin tones to reflect the diversity of real patients – while using just one simulator.

模拟提供的一个很大的好处是为学习者提供了排练现实世界，专门培训的机会 - 否则这可能很难实践。认识到需要为血管内专家，CATH LAB团队和院前护理提供商进行多学科团队培训，Laerdal开发了西曼Vascular。Built on Laerdal’s SimMan 3G platform with Mentice’s VIST® endovascular simulation technology inside, SimMan Vascular is an integrated emergency patient and endovascular procedure simulator.

In 2016, Laerdal developed西曼·阿尔斯（Simman Als）, a mobile and durable solution to meet the needs of pre- and in-hospital emergency care providers. SimMan ALS can be used in conjunction with the Laerdal-SonoSim Ultrasound Solution, LiveShock, or ShockLink to meet a client’s specific training requirements.

In 2016, a Johns Hopkins study calculated that more than 250,000 deaths each year in the U.S. are due to medical error.²These findings were groundbreaking as the death toll made medical errors the third leading cause of death after heart disease and cancer.³The year prior, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) published a study demonstrating that simulation can successfully substitute up to 50% of traditional clinical hours across the prelicensure nursing curriculum.⁴

Following these two studies, it became clear that organizations and the healthcare professionals within them were making moves to reverse the problem. Also, at this point, the general public began gaining awareness of the issues that might affect them and their health.

In 2014, Laerdal releasedSimman 3GTrauma。It was developed with severe trauma training needs in mind – particularly those of the military and the pre-hospital setting. SimMan 3G Trauma provides clients with the ability to simulate amputated limbs, sternal intraosseous infusion (IO) access, and bleeding control. These features, among many others, help to shape a realistic trauma emergency scenario for learners.

As patient safety initiatives were gaining traction in hospitals, the military also worked to improve the scope and realism of their training. In 2013, Laerdal introducedSimman 3GMystic- 专门为美国陆军设计的模拟器。Simman 3G Mystic专门旨在满足战术战斗伤亡护理（TCCC）的培训需求。Simman 3G Mystic仅适用于美国客户。拉尔达尔（Laerdal）自豪地知道我们正在使我们的军事救生员能够训练最佳标准。

2012年，LeapFrog Group引入了医院的安全评分，分配给2500多家医院的第一个字母等级，评估了他们的护理方式的安全性。⁵同年，医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心（CMS）启动了负责任的护理组织（ACO）模型。它试图更明智地花费医疗保健收入，同时在提供者之间实施优质护理。⁶

These two movements for patient safety signified that the public and the government had a greater demand for transparency. They also held healthcare professionals and the organizations within which they work more accountable for medical errors made.

2010年，拉尔达尔（Laerdal）介绍了西曼Essential。Simman Essential提供全面的临床功能，以教授气道，呼吸，心脏和流通管理方面的核心技能。通过提供扩展的模拟器投资组合，Laerdal赋予了客户的能力，可以选择适合其需求的解决方案。不久之后，Simman Essential被视为在EMS，军事和医院急诊室内培训中的共同元素。

After realizing the need for high-fidelity physiological responses in a simulator that could be used in an in situ setting – i.e., a real clinical environment – Laerdal developedSimman 3G。Simman家族的这个成员可以显示神经系统症状以及生理症状，并且可以轻松地通过无线技术进行移动。Simman 3G为教育工作者提供了在基于团队的环境中培训基本和高级技能的灵活性。

The Human Factor(2004) shed light on the importance of teamwork and communication.⁷Recommendations to reduce error included the use of the SBAR (situation, background, assessment, recommendation) tool and closed-loop communication tactics.

In 2006, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) released Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS). These insights were designed to serve as the national standard for team training in healthcare.⁸不久之后,在2007年,质量和安全Education for Nurses (QSEN) Institute created the QSEN Competencies. The competencies can be applied in a multitude of settings to develop nurses with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to continuously improve the quality of healthcare.⁹

Each of these initiatives made evident the fact that the healthcare community had begun to respond to threats on patient safety.

2001年，医学研究所（IOM）发表了开创性的“跨越高质量的鸿沟：21世纪的新卫生系统”。为了应对由于医疗错误而在美国医院每年发生的98,000例死亡，IOM定义了六个目的提供质量护理。IOM指出医疗保健应为：安全，有效，以患者为中心，以患者为中心，及时，及时，有效且公平。¹⁰The IOM put the issue of patient safety front and center before healthcare policymakers, setting plans in motion.