1. Were you satisfied with your ability to care for the patient(s)?
Think big picture.所有学习目标，无论是专注于沟通技巧，临床知识，预防伤害还是发展团队行为，都旨在最终改善患者的护理和结果。通过衡量每个模拟参与者在这方面的表现如何开始汇报。
As soon as the simulation ends, learners have likely begun to retrace their steps to determine if they were "right" or "wrong". It can be helpful to give them the opportunity to verbally affirm their feelings before the conversation veers in another direction.
2. What was done well and what could have been handled differently?
Next, dive into specifics. Have learners reflect more deeply on exactly why they are satisfied with how the scenario played out. And, set a trusting tone in the debrief environment so that learners can also respectfully voice what didn’t go well.
在讨论的这一部分，参与者可以最大程度地了解自己和他人。在回答这个问题时，学习者反思自己的经验，意识到他们的同龄人对某些时刻的看法有所不同，并辩论正确的临床途径。源于这个问题的结果可以提高自我意识，更好的团队协作以及对课程材料的更深入的了解。
3. What did you learn?
尽管下一个问题可能不会导致广泛的小组讨论，但它可以帮助您制作学习棒。在解决这个问题时，学习者的任务是迅速缩小他们最重要的外卖是什么。而且，在说他们大声学到的教训时，他们更有可能记住它。
Because the answers are individualized, they may be similar or they may vary greatly. Perhaps one learner experiences an "Aha!" moment and can finally grasp a specific diagnosis and treatment plan. Or, maybe another learner develops the confidence to point out a patient safety risk factor. Whatever a learner’s takeaway is, be sure to coach them to refine it as much as possible.
4. How could this simulation experience be improved?
The post-simulation debrief gives educators the chance to candidly ask what learners think of the teaching method.Was the simulation realistic enough? Were participants adequately prepared prior to entering the simulation scenario? Were there moments that the suspension of disbelief was abruptly lifted?
There's always room to improve and refresh a simulation scenario. Any feedback learners can provide will only strengthen the experience for the next group of participants, so make sure to keep an open mind when asking this question.
5. Is there anything else you would like to discuss?
While it's critical to have pre-prepared questions in a post-simulation debrief, it's equally important to give participant’s the chance to broach other conversations (within reason). Most likely, an observation made by one individual is something that others noticed as well, and that makes it a worthy topic of discussion.
Being too rigid in the debrief format can run the risk of making it less effective. Instead, keep the flow of conversation natural and informal, and you’ll be surprised by the number of unexpected and valuable nuggets of information that you hear.
