模拟出生情景可以帮助医疗保健专业人员认识并可能减轻新母亲和新生儿的不良事件。1However, the degree of realism or "fidelity" chosen for those scenarios does not always have to be extreme. Often when educators begin to plan scenarios around labor and delivery, their strategy jumps quickly to high-fidelity, full-bodied birthing simulators. But,depending on the learning goals, the effort required to plan and set up a high-fidelity simulation can be unnecessary and labor-intensive.
低保真模拟可以为学习者提供丰富的培训经验 -at minimal expense.在下面，我们总结了三种方法，您可以使用低保真模拟训练来减少对孕产妇和新生患者的可预防伤害。
需要重复练习的情况最适合使用任务培训师。例如，使用任务培训师的绝佳机会是培训分娩评估和不同的交付协议。学习者可以独立练习动手，心理运动技能，并以自己的步调进行，而无需进行高保真模拟的复杂性。
在一项评估使用分娩模拟器训练肩膀难产训练的研究中，学习者在以下方面的提高了44％。2
Using a task trainer, students can focus on the fundamentals of building their confidence in performing specific skills and educators can measure and confirm that learners have mastered those skills. From here, learners can advance onto high-fidelity simulations or treat real patients, knowing they have the necessary foundational experience.
如果您的学习者需要重复，孤立的技能练习，那么任务培训师可能是您需要融入培训的工作。
The use of standardized patients (SP)s can be beneficial to develop a practitioner’s interpersonal communication skills. Because SPs can verbalize symptoms that they are experiencing, they are particularly useful in gathering patient history and diagnosing symptoms. By using a SP’s body language to convey certain information, healthcare professionals are required to be more observant of their patient.
One scenario developed by the University of Washington Medical Center Labor & Delivery Unit proved the benefits of using a SP in a birth scenario. Enacting an obstetrical bleeding emergency, the SP provided critical triggers to the healthcare team. As the patient’s condition worsened, the SP became anxious and concerned.3By using this type of practice, learners improved their observational and professional skills.
通过将SP纳入您的场景中，您可以在模拟培训中引入真实的人类元素。学习者可以与“真正的”患者交谈，观察身体线索，并考虑其整体举止以形成更完整的诊断。
任务培训师和SPS具有一个关键好处：它们都可以以创造性的方式包括在您的模拟中。您可以随心所欲地富有想象力 - 尤其是如果您将混合模拟视为选项。混合模拟是在同一仿真会话中使用两个或多个模拟方式（即将任务培训师附加到SP）时。使用这种形式的模拟可以允许integrated practice of both technical and communication skills。4
Research shows that learners have more engaging patient interactions with a SP but are likely to use a realistic, procedural touch more frequently with manikins.4混合模拟是改善两种临床治疗的一种手段and学习者的患者互动技巧。
By combining the two forms of simulation in one scenario, you can effectively teach the complexities associated with birth, while also helping learners develop their communication and rapport with a patient.
Taking into consideration a program’s size, budget, and learning goals, each simulation should be and will be different. For scenarios that do not require high-fidelity, resource-rich simulation equipment, there are other options available.
无论是一起使用还是单独使用，任务培训师和标准化患者都具有其独特的作用。他们可以执行基本的临床评估和程序技能，并分别帮助发展学习者的人际关系和沟通能力。更令人兴奋的是，当适当地一起使用时，它们可以帮助您在学习者中实现这两个技能。
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