Simman®3G：当时

除此之外,Covid-19pandemic has renewed the focus on reducing health disparities in the U.S. Of those infected by the coronavirus, non-white, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and non-English speaking populations shoulder a disproportionate burden.¹在医疗保健方面，不平等的护理一直是一个长期关注的关注，Covid-19使人们对该问题提高了认识。

为了提高护理质量并帮助学习者发展必要的技能来治疗多样化的患者人群，Laerdal已发布Simman 3G Plus。这种模块化和可持续的解决方案提供可互换的面部皮肤和各种肤色，以反映真实患者的多样性，同时仅使用一个模拟器。

A large benefit that simulation offers is giving learners the opportunity to rehearse real-world, specialized training – something that might otherwise be hard to practice. Recognizing the need for multidisciplinary team training for Endovascular Specialists, Cath Lab teams, and Pre-hospital care providers, Laerdal developed西曼血管。Simman Vascular建立在Laerdal的Simman 3G平台上，其中包括Mentice的Vist®血管内模拟技术，是一家综合的紧急患者和血管内手术模拟器。

2016年，拉尔达尔（Laerdal）发展SimMan ALS，一种移动和耐用的解决方案，可满足前和院内急诊服务提供商的需求。Simman ALS可以与Laerdal-Sonosim超声解决方案，Liveshock或ShockLink一起使用，以满足客户的特定培训要求。

2016年，约翰·霍普金斯（Johns Hopkins）的一项研究计算出，美国每年有25万多人死亡是由于医疗错误。²这些发现是开创性的，因为死亡人数使医疗错误是仅次于心脏病和癌症的第三大死亡原因。³前一年，国家护理委员会（NCSBN）发表了一项研究，该研究表明，模拟可以成功地替代整个预验护理课程中传统临床时间的50％。⁴

遵循这两项研究，很明显，组织和其中的医疗保健专业人员正在采取行动扭转问题。同样，在这一点上，公众开始认识到可能影响他们及其健康的问题。

2014年，拉尔达尔（Laerdal）发行西曼3G创伤。它是考虑到严重的创伤训练需求的开发，尤其是军事和院前环境。Simman 3G创伤为客户提供了模拟截肢的肢体，胸骨内输注（IO）访问和出血控制的能力。这些功能除其他功能外，有助于为学习者塑造现实的创伤紧急情况。

随着患者安全计划在医院的吸引力，军方也努力提高培训的范围和现实主义。2013年，拉尔达尔（Laerdal）介绍了西曼3G神秘主义者– a simulator designed specifically for the U.S. Army. SimMan 3G Mystic is designed specifically to meet the needs of training for Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC). SimMan 3G Mystic is only available to U.S. clients. Laerdal takes pride in knowing that we are enabling our military lifesavers to train to the best standards possible.

In 2012, the Leapfrog Group introduced the Hospital Safety Score, the first letter grades assigned to over 2,500 hospitals rating how safe their care practices were.⁵During the same year, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) launched the Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) Model. It sought to spend health care dollars more wisely while enforcing the delivery of quality care among its providers.⁶

这两个针对患者安全的运动表明，公众和政府对透明度的需求更大。他们还拥有医疗保健专业人员和他们在其中造成的医疗错误负责的组织。

In 2010, Laerdal introducedSimman Essential。Simman Essentialoffers comprehensive clinical functionality to teach core skills in airway, breathing, cardiac, and circulation management. By offering an expanded simulator portfolio, Laerdal gave clients the power to choose a solution tailored to their needs. It was not long before SimMan Essential was seen as a common element in training within EMS, the Military, and Hospital Emergency Rooms.

在意识到需要在现场环境中使用的模拟器中对高保真性生理反应的需求（即真实的临床环境）。SimMan 3G。This member of the SimMan family can display neurological symptoms as well as physiological symptoms and can easily be made mobile with wireless technology. SimMan 3G provides educators with the flexibility to train basic and advanced skills in a team-based setting.

人为因素（2004年）阐明了团队合作和沟通的重要性。⁷减少错误的建议包括使用SBAR（情况，背景，评估，建议）工具和闭环通信策略。

2006年，医疗保健研究与质量机构（AHRQ）发布了团队策略和工具，以提高绩效和患者安全（TeamStepps）。这些见解旨在作为医疗保健团队培训的全国标准。⁸不久之后，2007年，护士的质量和安全教育（QSEN）创造了QSEN能力。这些能力可以在多种环境中应用，以开发具有不断提高医疗保健质量所必需的知识，技能和态度的护士。⁹

这些举措中的每一个都表明了一个事实，即医疗保健社区已经开始应对对患者安全的威胁。

In 2001, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published the groundbreaking "Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century.” In response to the estimated 98,000 deaths occurring annually in U.S. Hospitals due to medical error, the IOM defined six aims for delivering quality care. The IOM states that healthcare should be: safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable.¹⁰IOM将患者安全方面的问题和中心问题放在医疗保健决策者之前，制定了计划。